固溶处理温度对316L不锈钢盐雾腐蚀性能的影响

朱蒋培; 柴冉; 张静; 万寒荣; 杨霜全; 蒋优; 庞金昌

doi:10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2025.10.012

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装备环境工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10) : 93-101. DOI: 10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2025.10.012

重大工程装备

固溶处理温度对316L不锈钢盐雾腐蚀性能的影响

朱蒋培^{1, 2}, 柴冉¹, 张静¹, 万寒荣¹, 杨霜全¹, 蒋优¹, 庞金昌^{1, *}

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Effect of Solution Treatment Temperature on Salt Spray Corrosion Properties of 316L Stainless Steel

ZHU Jiangpei^{1, 2, *}, CHAI Ran¹, ZHANG Jing¹, WAN Hanrong¹, YANG Shuangquan¹, JIANG You¹, PANG Jinchang^{1, *}

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摘要

目的研究固溶处理温度（1 050、1 100 ℃）对316L不锈钢盐雾腐蚀行为及力学性能的影响。方法对316L不锈钢进行2种固溶温度的处理,保温30 min,空冷,通过中性盐雾试验模拟海洋大气腐蚀环境。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及维氏硬度仪观察不同温度下材料的显微组织及硬度变化规律,结合万能试验机研究2组材料的拉伸力学性能随盐雾腐蚀周期增加的变化规律。同步开展电化学测试,分析材料的电化学腐蚀特性。结果固溶处理温度从1 050 ℃升至1 100 ℃时,奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸由25.9 μm增至26.9 μm,硬度从216.16HV降至204.56HV,抗拉强度下降18 MPa,伸长率与截面收缩率略有提高。盐雾腐蚀后,1 050 ℃试样比1 100 ℃试样的腐蚀速率低8.7%,抗腐蚀性能更优,2组材料在腐蚀1周后伸长率降幅较为明显。拉伸测试显示,1 050 ℃试样腐蚀后强度基本不变,伸长率仅下降4.4%（1周后）;而1 100 ℃试样强度降低19 MPa,伸长率下降11%。电化学测试表明,1 050 ℃与1 100 ℃处理试样的腐蚀电流密度分别为0.013 0、0.016 8 mA/cm²,前者电化学腐蚀倾向更低。结论 1 050 ℃固溶处理的316L不锈钢具有较好的奥氏体组织、力学性能与抗腐蚀能力,1 100 ℃处理会因晶粒粗化导致其耐蚀性及塑性降低。

Abstract

The work aims to study the influence of solution treatment temperature (1 050 ℃ and 1 100 ℃) on the salt spray corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel. 316L stainless steel was treated at two levels of solution temperature with a holding time of 30 minutes, and then subject to air cooling. A neutral salt spray test was conducted to simulate the marine atmospheric corrosion environment. The microstructure and hardness variation laws of the material at different temperature were observed with a metallographic microscope, a scanning electron microscope and a Vickers hardness tester. The variation law of tensile mechanical properties of two groups of materials with the increase of salt spray corrosion cycles was studied in combination with a universal testing machine. Electrochemical tests were carried out simultaneously to analyze the electrochemical corrosion characteristics of the materials. The results showed that when the solution treatment temperature rose from 1 050 ℃ to 1 100 ℃, the average grain size of austenite increased from 25.9 μm to 26.9 μm, the hardness decreased from 216.16HV to 204.56HV, the tensile strength dropped by 18 MPa, and the elongation and cross-sectional reduction slightly increased. After salt spray corrosion, the corrosion rate of the 1 050 ℃ sample was 8.7% lower than that of the 1 100 ℃ sample, and its corrosion resistance was better. The elongation of the two groups of materials decreased significantly one week after corrosion. Tensile tests showed that the strength of the specimens at 1 050 ℃ remained basically unchanged after corrosion, and the elongation only decreased by 4.4% (after one week). The strength of the specimens at 1 100 ℃ decreased by 19 MPa, and the elongation dropped by 11%. Electrochemical tests showed that the corrosion current density of the samples treated at 1 050 ℃ and 1 100 ℃ was 0.013 0 mA/cm² and 0.016 8 mA/cm² respectively. The former has a lower tendency for electrochemical corrosion. In conclusion, 316L stainless steel treated at 1 050 ℃ has a better austenitic structure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Treatment at 1 100 ℃ will lead to a decrease in corrosion resistance and plasticity due to grain coarsening.

导出引用

朱蒋培, 柴冉, 张静, 万寒荣, 杨霜全, 蒋优, 庞金昌. 固溶处理温度对316L不锈钢盐雾腐蚀性能的影响[J]. 装备环境工程. 2025, 22(10): 93-101 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2025.10.012

ZHU Jiangpei, CHAI Ran, ZHANG Jing, WAN Hanrong, YANG Shuangquan, JIANG You, PANG Jinchang. Effect of Solution Treatment Temperature on Salt Spray Corrosion Properties of 316L Stainless Steel[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2025, 22(10): 93-101 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2025.10.012

中图分类号： TG142

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